to my Rankings main page
| CP | 1986 | 1985 | 1984 | 1983 | |||
| 1. | Juventus FC | Ita | 1666 | 107 | 217 | 194 | 199 |
| 2. | Real Madrid CF | Esp | 1641 | 202 | 203 | 20 | 184 |
| 3. | RSC Anderlecht | Bel | 1384 | 130 | 94 | 185 | 212 |
| 4. | 1. FC Köln | FRG | 1329 | 197 | 116 | 56 | 81 |
| 5. | FC Internazionale | Ita | 1302 | 149 | 157 | 66 | 103 |
| 6. | Liverpool FC | Eng | 1193 | 0 | 221 | 221 | 88 |
| 7. | FC Bayern München | FRG | 1154 | 117 | 143 | 72 | 113 |
| 8. | FC Barcelona | Esp | 1144 | 188 | 20 | 112 | 108 |
| 9. | SK Rapid Wien | Aut | 1058 | 74 | 173 | 98 | 47 |
| 10. | FC Dynamo Kyiv | Urs | 992 | 213 | 0 | 18 | 104 |
| 11. | Aberdeen FC | Sco | 960 | 99 | 34 | 131 | 200 |
| 12. | SL Benfica | Por | 944 | 85 | 74 | 94 | 194 |
| 13. | FK Austria Wien | Aut | 938 | 75 | 102 | 107 | 118 |
| 14. | Tottenham Hotspur FC | Eng | 891 | 0 | 133 | 215 | 62 |
| 15. | FC Spartak Moskva | Urs | 885 | 74 | 85 | 122 | 90 |
| 16. | Dundee United FC | Sco | 885 | 64 | 77 | 147 | 104 |
| 17. | HNK Hajduk Split | Yug | 858 | 121 | 14 | 144 | 44 |
| 18. | IFK Göteborg | Swe | 851 | 134 | 81 | 27 | 18 |
| 19. | AS Roma | Ita | 817 | 0 | 99 | 207 | 106 |
| 20. | Club Atlético de Madrid | Esp | 775 | 176 | 13 | 16 | 0 |
| 21. | FC Porto | Por | 767 | 68 | 21 | 189 | 54 |
| 22. | FC Steaua București | Rom | 766 | 169 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| 23. | Sporting CP (Lisboa) | Por | 753 | 101 | 50 | 49 | 101 |
| 24. | Hamburger SV | FRG | 685 | 22 | 101 | 34 | 226 |
| 25. | Manchester United FC | Eng | 648 | 0 | 112 | 143 | 26 |
| 26. | FC Bohemians Praha | Tch | 629 | 41 | 71 | 55 | 142 |
| 27. | AC Sparta Praha | Tch | 624 | 33 | 84 | 120 | 0 |
| 28. | CS Universitatea Craiova | Rom | 609 | 52 | 69 | 26 | 142 |
| 29. | Videoton FC ('Fehérvár) | Hun | 609 | 36 | 155 | 0 | 0 |
| 30. | FC Girondins de Bordeaux | Fra | 594 | 15 | 143 | 12 | 81 |
| 31. | Everton FC | Eng | 585 | 0 | 195 | 0 | 0 |
| 32. | SG Dynamo Dresden | GDR | 582 | 78 | 84 | 0 | 18 |
| 33. | Dukla Praha | Tch | 581 | 114 | 14 | 30 | 23 |
| 34. | FC Dinamo București | Rom | 562 | 19 | 50 | 138 | 60 |
| 35. | FK Crvena Zvezda Beograd | Yug | 527 | 85 | 32 | 14 | 63 |
| 36. | FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk | Urs | 527 | 71 | 81 | 0 | 0 |
| 37. | Athletic Club (Bilbao) | Esp | 513 | 76 | 25 | 59 | 16 |
| 38. | Berliner FC Dynamo | GDR | 507 | 24 | 66 | 90 | 33 |
| 39. | Celtic FC (Glasgow) | Sco | 504 | 27 | 59 | 78 | 63 |
| 40. | KSV Waregem | Bel | 496 | 124 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 41. | Servette FC (Genève) | Sui | 494 | 52 | 43 | 46 | 65 |
| 42. | FC Dinamo Minsk | Urs | 491 | 0 | 101 | 94 | 0 |
| 43. | Borussia Mönchengladbach | FRG | 486 | 84 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
| 44. | 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig | GDR | 470 | 43 | 42 | 79 | 14 |
| 45. | FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen | FRG | 468 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 46. | SRTS Widzew Łódź | Pol | 457 | 17 | 65 | 36 | 122 |
| 47. | FC Nantes | Fra | 454 | 102 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| 48. | Neuchâtel Xamax FCS | Sui | 451 | 100 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
| 49. | PSV (Eindhoven) | Ned | 436 | 44 | 48 | 47 | 22 |
| 50. | FK Partizan Beograd | Yug | 432 | 40 | 54 | 55 | 0 |
| 51. | Panathinaikos FC (Athens) | Gre | 423 | 21 | 106 | 0 | 21 |
| 52. | FC Kuusysi (Lahti) | Fin | 389 | 77 | 17 | 10 | 10 |
| 53. | FC Dinamo Moskva | Urs | 385 | 0 | 124 | 0 | 13 |
| 54. | Rangers FC (Glasgow) | Sco | 369 | 18 | 41 | 61 | 52 |
| 55. | FK Željezničar Sarajevo | Yug | 360 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 0 |
| 56. | Hellas Verona FC | Ita | 356 | 67 | 0 | 44 | 0 |
| 57. | Hammarby IF FF | Swe | 352 | 70 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
| 58. | SV Werder Bremen | FRG | 351 | 22 | 33 | 45 | 74 |
| 59. | Nottingham Forest FC | Eng | 350 | 0 | 20 | 145 | 0 |
| 60. | Club Brugge KV | Bel | 345 | 45 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
| 61. | AE Larissa | Gre | 342 | 25 | 72 | 13 | 0 |
| 62. | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Fra | 325 | 0 | 38 | 63 | 85 |
| 63. | Lyngby BK | Den | 324 | 43 | 47 | 0 | 11 |
| 64. | Budapest Honvéd FC | Hun | 323 | 48 | 21 | 34 | 0 |
| 65. | Linzer ASK | Aut | 316 | 52 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
| 66. | AC Omonia (Nicosia) | Cyp | 311 | 47 | 21 | 24 | 12 |
| 67. | AFC Ajax (Amsterdam) | Ned | 297 | 25 | 45 | 19 | 24 |
| 68. | R. Standard de Liège | Bel | 297 | 0 | 41 | 60 | 54 |
| 69. | CFKA Sredets Sofia | Bul | 291 | 0 | 44 | 46 | 67 |
| 70. | Sparta Rotterdam | Ned | 290 | 40 | 0 | 65 | 0 |
| 71. | Olympiacos FC (Piraeus) | Gre | 288 | 0 | 40 | 62 | 44 |
| 72. | KSK Beveren | Bel | 273 | 0 | 55 | 54 | 0 |
| 73. | KP Legia Warszawa | Pol | 272 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 74. | Vitosha Sofia | Bul | 268 | 0 | 56 | 45 | 10 |
| 75. | AC Milan | Ita | 260 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 76. | UC Sampdoria | Ita | 256 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 77. | Újpesti Dózsa SC | Hun | 249 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 59 |
| 78. | AIK Solna | Swe | 246 | 48 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| 79. | WKW ETO FC Györ | Hun | 237 | 22 | 18 | 35 | 25 |
| 80. | Feyenoord (Rotterdam) | Ned | 236 | 22 | 18 | 47 | 0 |
| 81. | Trakia Plovdiv | Bul | 233 | 20 | 51 | 0 | 0 |
| 82. | Fenerbahçe SK (Istanbul) | Tur | 231 | 45 | 11 | 9 | 0 |
| 83. | HJK Helsinki | Fin | 227 | 37 | 8 | 9 | 37 |
| 84. | Grasshopper Club Zürich | Sui | 214 | 0 | 50 | 22 | 20 |
| 85. | KKS Lech Poznán | Pol | 213 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 42 |
| 86. | Linfield FC | Nir | 212 | 19 | 31 | 15 | 13 |
| 87. | FC Chornomorets Odesa | Urs | 208 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 88. | FC Metz | Fra | 206 | 14 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
| 89. | FC Baník Ostrava | Tch | 203 | 14 | 0 | 48 | 51 |
| 90. | PAOK FC (Thessaloniki) | Gre | 202 | 18 | 0 | 47 | 36 |
| 91. | AS Monaco FC | Fra | 199 | 28 | 20 | 0 | 27 |
| 92. | Malmö FF | Swe | 198 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 0 |
| 93. | Aston Villa FC | Eng | 198 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 90 |
| 94. | Torino Calcio | Ita | 192 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 95. | FK Inter Bratislava | Tch | 190 | 0 | 38 | 38 | 0 |
| 96. | Galatasaray SK (Istanbul) | Tur | 189 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
| 97. | FC Shakhtar Donetsk | Urs | 186 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 0 |
| 98. | RFC Liégeois | Bel | 180 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 99. | St. Mirren FC | Sco | 178 | 37 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 100. | Fortuna Sittard | Ned | 177 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 |
| 101. | Zenit Leningrad | Urs | 176 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FK Vardar (Skopje) | Yug | 176 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 103. | Club Atlético Osasuna | Esp | 172 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 104. | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | FRG | 163 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 121 |
| 105. | SK Sturm Graz | Aut | 160 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 |
| 106. | Fram Reykjavík | Isl | 158 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 107. | SSW Innsbruck | Aut | 155 | 14 | 19 | 21 | 0 |
| 108. | Wrexham FC | Wal | 153 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 |
| 109. | ACF Fiorentina | Ita | 153 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 21 |
| 110. | FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia | Bul | 148 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| 111. | FC Haka (Valkeakoski) | Fin | 146 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 0 |
| 112. | FK Dinamo Tirana | Alb | 145 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
| 113. | RC Lens | Fra | 144 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 0 |
| 114. | Glentoran FC | Nir | 143 | 12 | 16 | 17 | 13 |
| 115. | FC Sportul Studențesc | Rom | 138 | 12 | 22 | 12 | 0 |
| 116. | FC Sion | Sui | 137 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 11 |
| 117. | NK Rijeka | Yug | 135 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
| 118. | FK Radnički Niš | Yug | 134 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 0 |
| 119. | Real Sociedad | Esp | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 134 |
| 120. | Queen's Park Rangers FC | Eng | 132 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 |
| 121. | Watford FC | Eng | 130 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0 |
| 122. | Bangor City FC | Wal | 128 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 123. | AJ Auxerre | Fra | 127 | 19 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
| 124. | AEK Athens FC | Gre | 126 | 19 | 0 | 20 | 10 |
| 125. | KAA Gent | Bel | 126 | 0 | 27 | 15 | 15 |
| 126. | ÍA (Akranes) | Isl | 125 | 11 | 13 | 21 | 0 |
| 127. | Sevilla FC | Esp | 124 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 76 |
| 128. | Ħamrun Spartans FC | Mlt | 122 | 9 | 24 | 7 | 0 |
| 129. | Valencia CF | Esp | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 |
| 130. | Wisła Kraków SA | Pol | 120 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| 131. | VfB Stuttgart | FRG | 119 | 0 | 27 | 19 | 0 |
| 132. | FK Sarajevo | Yug | 118 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 70 |
| 133. | THOR Waterschei | Bel | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118 |
| 134. | Shamrock Rovers FC | Irl | 117 | 10 | 15 | 0 | 32 |
| 135. | Vålerenga (Oslo) | Nor | 113 | 11 | 18 | 0 | 15 |
| 136. | Vorwärts Frankfurt/Oder | GDR | 109 | 0 | 19 | 15 | 22 |
| 137. | Bohemian FC (Dublin) | Irl | 107 | 14 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
| 138. | AGF Aarhus | Den | 107 | 9 | 17 | 10 | 0 |
| 139. | KSV Cercle Brugge | Bel | 104 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 140. | Beşiktaş JK (Istanbul) | Tur | 104 | 10 | 15 | 0 | 19 |
| 141. | Trabzonspor AŞ | Tur | 97 | 0 | 17 | 18 | 10 |
| 142. | Viking FK (Stavanger) | Nor | 96 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 36 |
| 143. | Royal Antwerp FC | Bel | 94 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 0 |
| 144. | Sporting de Gijón | Esp | 92 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 145. | Real Betis Balompié | Esp | 92 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 20 |
| 146. | FC Groningen | Ned | 92 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0 |
| Stade Lavallois MFC | Fra | 92 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0 | |
| 148. | Swansea City AFC | Wal | 92 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 56 |
| 149. | FC Carl Zeiss Jena | GDR | 90 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 18 |
| 150. | FC Utrecht | Ned | 89 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 151. | Southampton FC | Eng | 89 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 17 |
| 152. | FC St. Gallen | Sui | 86 | 16 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 153. | GNK Dinamo Zagreb | Yug | 85 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 23 |
| 154. | Boavista FC | Por | 84 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 155. | Tatabánya Bányász SC | Hun | 83 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| 156. | 1. FC Magdeburg | GDR | 82 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| 157. | FC Zürich | Sui | 78 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 56 |
| 158. | FC Aarau | Sui | 76 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 159. | NEC (Nijmegen) | Ned | 76 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| 160. | KS Górnik Zabrze | Pol | 68 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 161. | Ferencvárosi TC | Hun | 65 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 41 |
| 162. | Fredrikstad FK | Nor | 64 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Portimonense SC | Por | 64 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| SK Slavia Praha | Tch | 64 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 165. | APOEL FC (Nicosia) | Cyp | 64 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| 166. | PFC Spartak Varna | Bul | 64 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| 167. | Coleraine FC | Nir | 57 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 168. | SC Braga | Por | 57 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 12 |
| 169. | FC Wismut Aue | GDR | 56 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 170. | AZ'67 (Alkmaar) | Ned | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 |
| 171. | University College Dublin | Irl | 54 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| 172. | Odense BK | Den | 54 | 0 | 10 | 12 | 0 |
| 173. | Vejle BK | Den | 52 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 174. | FC Avenir Beggen | Lux | 52 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| 175. | Östers IF (Växjö) | Swe | 51 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 18 |
| 176. | AS Jeunesse Esch | Lux | 50 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 177. | FC TPS Turku | Fin | 48 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 178. | MKS Pogoń Szczecin | Pol | 48 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| 179. | SSC Napoli | Ita | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
| 180. | ÍBV (Vestmannaeyjar) | Isl | 46 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 6 |
| 181. | FA Red Boys Differdange | Lux | 45 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| 182. | Lillestrøm SK | Nor | 45 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 9 |
| 183. | Valur Reykjavík | Isl | 44 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Galway United FC (2013) | Irl | 44 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 185. | Apollon Limassol FC | Cyp | 44 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 14 |
| 186. | Real Valladolid | Esp | 42 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| Heart of Midlothian FC | Sco | 42 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | |
| 188. | IF Elfsborg (Borås) | Swe | 42 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| 189. | IFK Norrköping | Swe | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
| 190. | AEL Limassol FC | Cyp | 40 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 191. | Vitória SC (Guimarães) | Por | 40 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| 192. | AS Saint-Etienne | Fra | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
| 193. | Rabat Ajax FC | Mlt | 39 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 0 |
| 194. | Moss FK | Nor | 39 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| 195. | 17 Nëntori (Tirana) | Alb | 39 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 15 |
| 196. | KSC Lokeren OV | Bel | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
| 197. | Flamurtari FC (Vlorë) | Alb | 36 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 198. | FC Ilves (Tampere) | Fin | 36 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| FC Sliven | Bul | 36 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| FK Dukla Banská Bystrica | Tch | 36 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| 201. | FC Torpedo Moskva | Urs | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| SBV Haarlem | Ned | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | |
| 203. | Víkingur Reykjavík | Isl | 34 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 16 |
| 204. | Siófoki Bányász SE | Hun | 33 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| 205. | Valletta FC | Mlt | 33 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 |
| 206. | B 93 (København) | Den | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
| 207. | Bryne IL | Nor | 32 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 208. | FC Corvinul Hunedoara | Rom | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
| 209. | WKS Slask Wrocław | Pol | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| 210. | KB (København) | Den | 27 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| 211. | Żurrieq FC | Mlt | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 212. | ŠK Slovan Bratislava | Tch | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| IK Brage (Borlänge) | Swe | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | |
| 214. | Ballymena United FC | Nir | 24 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| 215. | Athlone Town FC | Irl | 24 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| SK Brann (Bergen) | Nor | 24 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | |
| 217. | FC Dinamo Tbilisi | Urs | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| 218. | Mersin Idmanyurdu SK | Tur | 22 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 219. | Ipswich Town FC | Eng | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| Limerick City FC | Irl | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | |
| 221. | US Luxembourg | Lux | 21 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 222. | FKS Stal Mielec | Pol | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
| 223. | FC Pirin Blagoevgrad | Bul | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 224. | B 1903 (København) | Den | 20 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Lechia Gdańsk | Pol | 20 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | |
| 226. | Dundalk FC | Irl | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| 227. | Enosis Neon Paralimni FC | Cyp | 18 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| 228. | FC Maramureș (Baia Mare) | Rom | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Borussia Dortmund | FRG | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | |
| 230. | FC Sochaux-Montbéliard | Fra | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Hvidovre IF | Den | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | |
| 232. | Drogheda United FC | Irl | 16 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv | Bul | 16 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | |
| 234. | PFC Slavia Sofia | Bul | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Arsenal FC | Eng | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
| 236. | Anorthosis Famagusta FC | Cyp | 14 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 237. | Pezoporikos (Larnaca) | Cyp | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| 238. | KR Reykjavík | Isl | 12 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 239. | FC Aris Bonnevoie | Lux | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Sligo Rovers FC | Irl | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
| B 1901 (Nykøbing) | Den | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
| 242. | KS Labinoti (Elbasan) | Alb | 9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 243. | Grazer AK | Aut | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| 244. | FC Progrès Niederkorn | Lux | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Koparit Kuopio | Fin | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| 246. | Hibernians FC (Paola) | Mlt | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| FC Admira/Wacker (Wien) | Aut | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
| 248. | Sliema Wanderers FC | Mlt | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
to my Rankings main page
Prepared and maintained by Jérôme Faugeras for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Jérôme Faugeras
Last updated: 2 August 2025
(C) Copyright Jérôme Faugeras and RSSSF 2016-2025
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.